In an ostomy assessment, which aspect is described by the phrase 'level of protrusion or retraction'?

• A. The shape of the stoma
• B. The level of protrusion or retraction
• C. Effluent description
• D. Location of lumen

Answer: (B)

Level of protrusion or retraction describes how far the stoma projects above the skin surface. In ostomy assessment, this measurement guides appliance choice and skin protection because a stoma that sits well above the skin usually seals effectively with a standard barrier, while a recessed or retracting stoma may require a convex barrier or additional measures to create a secure seal and prevent leakage. This aspect is distinct from the stoma’s shape, effluent description, or the lumen’s location, which pertain to contour, output, and internal orientation respectively. Knowing the protrusion level helps tailor care and appliance fit to protect the skin around the stoma.