Retreat phase is best described as which?

• A. Acceptance and readiness to learn
• B. Immediate emotional numbness
• C. Elation and relief
• D. Defense or denial phase

Answer: (D)

Retreat in this context means a protective withdrawal from the reality of living with an ostomy. It’s a defense or denial response the person uses to buffer against the shock of the change, often leading to pulling back emotionally, avoiding discussing the situation, or postponing planning for care. While numbness can occur, the defining feature is the defensive stance of denial or withdrawal rather than being ready to learn or feeling elated. Acceptance and readiness to learn come later as the person processes the change, and elation or relief is typical only after adjustment. In supporting someone in this phase, acknowledge their feelings, avoid pressuring them to move on, and provide information and support at a pace that helps them regain a sense of control.