What causes most stoma traumas?

• A. Infections
• B. Radiation therapy
• C. Dietary issues
• D. Injuries to the stoma from the pouching system

Answer: (D)

Mechanical trauma from the pouching system is the most common way stoma injuries occur. The stoma and the surrounding skin are delicate, so rubbing, snagging, or pulling caused by the flange, adhesive, or closures can damage the mucosa or peristomal skin during any part of the care process—application, wear, or removal. If the opening cut is too close to the stoma or if the flange is mis-sized, edges can rub or press against the tissue, and when the appliance is removed or adjusted, a sudden pull can tear or abrade the stoma. Clothing, belts, or other parts of the pouching system that press on or snag the appliance can also create trauma.

Infections, radiation therapy, or dietary issues might affect skin health or stoma output, but they are not the primary cause of trauma themselves. They can make the skin more fragile or sensitive, which is why proper fitting, gentle handling, and careful appliance management are essential to minimize trauma. To prevent injuries, ensure the opening fits correctly to avoid rubbing, apply and remove the pouching system gently with support for the stoma, and use appropriate skin barriers or barrier rings as needed.