Which of the following is recognized as a stoma complication?

• A. Nausea
• B. Hypertension
• C. Peristomal hernia
• D. Migraine

Answer: (C)

A stoma complication refers to issues that arise at or around the stoma after it is created, affecting the stoma itself or the surrounding area. A peristomal hernia is a bulge or protrusion near the stoma caused by weakness in the abdominal wall, allowing bowel or tissue to push through beside the stoma. This is a recognized stoma complication because it directly involves the area where the stoma attaches and can make the appliance seal difficult, lead to leakage, skin irritation, or even obstruction if it progresses. Risk factors include factors that strain the abdominal wall or increase intra-abdominal pressure over time, such as obesity or aging, and it may develop gradually after surgery.

Nausea, hypertension, and migraine are not complications specific to a stoma; they are general or unrelated conditions that can occur independently of ostomy care.