Which of the following is NOT a non-surgical treatment for fistulas?

• A. Fluid and electrolyte support
• B. Control of infection
• C. Surgical closure
• D. Nutritional support

Answer: (C)

Managing fistulas without surgery centers on stabilizing the patient and supporting healing through non-invasive means. Fluid and electrolyte support addresses the losses that come with fistulas, preventing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Control of infection helps prevent sepsis and reduces inflammation that can hinder healing. Nutritional support, whether oral, enteral, or parenteral, provides the calories and protein needed to repair tissue and maintain overall health, which is especially important when fistulas cause nutrient losses. These approaches aim to minimize fistula output, protect the skin, and create conditions favorable for spontaneous closure or stabilization without operative intervention. Surgical closure, by contrast, is an operative procedure and is not a non-surgical treatment, so it’s the option that does not fit with non-surgical management.