Which of the following is a contributing factor to stoma stenosis?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Adequate nutrition
• C. Radiation injury
• D. Adequate suturing at fascia

Answer: (C)

Stoma stenosis happens when scar tissue and contracture tighten around the stoma, narrowing the opening. Radiation injury contributes because radiation can damage mucosa and deeper tissues, leading to inflammation that progresses to fibrosis. The fibrotic, less elastic tissue narrows the lumen over time, making a stenosis more likely. Regular exercise and adequate nutrition, by contrast, support healing and overall health and don’t drive narrowing. Adequate suturing at fascia helps secure the closure and prevent other complications, not stenosis. Clinically, stenosis from radiation may show slower output, trouble fitting the appliance, or signs of partial obstruction, and management can involve dilation or surgical revision if needed.