Which of the following is a stomal anatomy contraindication?

• A. Not for stomal stenosis, prolapses, retraction, or hernia
• B. Not for stomal crusting
• C. Not for skin irritation
• D. Not for stomal bleeding

Answer: (A)

Stomal anatomy contraindications refer to structural problems around or within the stoma that prevent safe or effective stomal care. Stomal stenosis, prolapse, retraction, or hernia are all such issues because they directly alter the stoma’s shape or position and undermine function and appliance fit. Stenosis narrows the opening, risking obstruction; a prolapse means the bowel slides outward excessively, which can cause edema or strangulation and makes securing a pouch difficult; retraction pulls the stoma back below the skin surface, leading to poor seal, leakage, and skin injury; a parastomal hernia weakens surrounding support and can distort the stoma or cause obstruction. These anatomical problems compromise drainage, appliance seal, and skin protection, so they’re considered contraindications to stomal creation or standard stomal management at that site. Crusting, skin irritation, or stomal bleeding are issues tied to skin or mucosa care and can often be managed without deeming the anatomy contraindicated.