Which of the following is a complication related to stoma necrosis?

• A. Parastomal hernia
• B. Peristomal skin irritation
• C. Stoma stenosis
• D. Fistula formation

Answer: (C)

Stoma necrosis damages the tissue at the opening, and as that damaged area heals, scar tissue forms and can contract around the stoma. This scar contraction narrows the lumen of the stoma, leading to stenosis. That narrowing can cause obstruction symptoms and may require dilation or surgical revision if it progresses.

Other stoma-related problems exist, but they aren’t direct results of necrosis. Parastomal hernia comes from weakness in the abdominal wall around the stoma, peristomal skin irritation stems from output contact on the skin, and fistula formation can occur with various severe complications or disease processes, but the specific link to tissue death at the stoma is the scar-related narrowing seen in stenosis.